Informatics Publishing Limited

N. Shahi ¹, S. K. Mallik ¹, D. Sarma ¹, M. Sahoo ², P. Das ¹

Affiliations
1 Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, (ICAR) Industrial Area, Bhimtal, 263 136, Nainital, (Uttarakhand), IN
2 Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, (UP), IN

Abstract

Corneal hypertrophy was observed in fingerlings of chocolate mahseer, Neolissochilus hexagonolepis (McClelland, 1839) from Uttarakhand, India. The advanced stage of infection was marked with damage of cornea and shrunken eye. Skeletal deformity was also recorded in some of the infected fishes. Samples of eye and other organ were collected for histopathological, parasite and microbial investigation. Histological examination of the eye indicated ocular collapse, entirely damaged cornea, disruption of vitreous, aphakic globe, oedema of choroid and optic nerve and, deformed retina. Microscopic observations of wet mounts and histopathology ruled out infectious agents like microsporidia, myxosporidea, cystercoidiasis, atypical mycobacteria, digeneans and fungi. PCR for viral aetiology did not yield any significant amplicons. Further detail study related to physic-chemical parameter need to be carried out to ascertain the exact cause of this disease.

Keywords

neolissochilus Hexagonolepis, Pathology, Eye, Corneal Hypertrophy, Chocolate Mahseer.

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N. Shahi ¹, J. Pandey ¹, S. K. Mallik ¹, D. Sarma ¹, P. Das ¹

Affiliations
1 Industrial Area, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand-263 136, IN

Abstract

Golden mahseer, Tor putitora is an endangered fish of mid-Himalayan regions of India. It has good potential as aquaculture species for hill aquaculture, due to its high market demand. But the major constrains on introduction of this fish for aquaculture is its inability to breed in captivity and slow growth rate. Therefore, studies were carried out on its breeding biology to captive breed this fish for sustainable seed production. However, detailed study on reproductive pattern of adult golden mahseer is very limited. Therefore, in the present study, we have developed a macroscopic grading system for golden mahseer testes, which shows the testes development stages during the breeding season, which lasts from May-September in Bhimtal and Sattal lakes. The golden mahseer were sampled from February - September 2014, from Bhimtal and Sattal lakes. Altogether, 48 samples were collected during the sampling period. Based on macroscopic observation, the maturation stage of the testes was divided into five developmental stages: Immature (I), early spermatogenic (II), late spermatogenic (III), matured (IV) and spent (V).

Keywords

Tor Putitora, Reproduction, Maturity, Testes.

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N. Chakrabarti ¹, P. Das ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, 93/1 A. P. C. Road, Calcutta 700 009, IN

Abstract

Like a few other rod-like and semi-rigid polyelectrolytes, filamentous actin (F-actin) shows, respectively, an isotropic to nematic (I-N) phase transition and an aggregation to a hexagonal liquid crystal followed by paracrystals at low and moderately high salt concentrations. Its polyion characteristics, e.g., large bare diameter, imposing chain length, high molecular weight per unit chain contour length and large electronic charge spacing along the chain contour, make it stand out among the members of the family of rigid and semi-rigid lyotropic mesogens. The first-order I-N phase separation has been explored, at the level of the second virial approximation, for a rod-like model of the actin filament in a solution containing simple electrolytes such as KCl and MgCl₂. The calculation of concentrations in the coexisting isotropic and anisotropic (nematic) phases, and of the order parameter in the anisotropic phase has been attempted by following the approach of Stroobants et al. which takes account the repulsive but not the attractive interactions. A criterion for the stability of the isotropic phase, according to Odijk, considers the second and the third virial coefficients, and has been employed to describe the I-N phase diagram depicting filament length versus actin concentration. The nature of the I-N phase transition, which has both first-order and higher-order (continuous) parts, has been discussed.

Keywords

F-Actin, Isotropic Phase, Nematic Phase, Liquid Crystal, Paracrystals.

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K. C. Puzari ¹, L. K. Hazarika ², Pranab Dutta ¹, P. Das ¹

Affiliations
1 Mycology Research Section, Department of Plant Pathology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, 785 013, Assam, IN
2 Department of Entomology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, 785 013, Assam, IN

Abstract

In vitro inhibition of 13 different insecticides and one botanical on Beauveria bassiana growth was tested. Two doses of chemical insecticides, one at recommended dose (RD) and another at half of recommended dose (½. RD) and for botanicals three doses, first one at recommended and one at ½ and another at ½ of the recommended dose were tested. 100 per cent of mycelial growth was observed when the entomopathogen was grown in presence of monocrotophos (0.31%) and dichlorvos (0.12%). Cypermethrin, deltamethrin, alphamethrin and phosphamidon at recommended dose showed growth inhibition of < 50 per cent. Half of the recommended dose of deltamethrin was found having lowest inhibition (14.06 %).

Keywords

Beauveria bassiana, Dicladispa armigera, Inhibitory Effect, Insecticides, Rice Hispa.

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S. Akter ¹, H. Badhai ¹, P. Das ¹, B. K. Saha Roy ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Agartala – 799046, Tripura, IN

Abstract

Objectives: The proposed scheme presents a fault direction estimation as well as fault location determination technique for short transmission line using positive sequence component. An objective of the suggested work is to recognize direction of fault and locate it in short transmission line using positive sequence component. Methods/Analysis: Solution is given based on difference between positive sequence post-fault and steady state current phasor and difference of magnitude among post-fault and steady state positive sequence voltage phasor for fault direction estimation. Fault location is estimated by two-terminal method. Fast Fourier Transform is considered to detect the direction of fault and Discrete Fourier Transform is used to find the location of fault. The proposed work is estimated by simulated data in PSCAD and MATLAB/SIMULINK for a compensated line. Findings: Fault detection as well as fault location estimation in both sections of compensated line considering transmission line issues is identified properly. Many techniques are available for fault direction estimation and fault location determination. Sometimes available methods do not provide proper result of different issues which are present in compensated system. The proposed method is tested for forward power flow, reverse power flow, voltage inversion and current inversion cases. Simulation results show that proposed technique properly detects the direction of fault and locating the exact location of fault. Novelty/ Improvement: This approach deals with detection as well as location identification of fault in compensated system, so it is computationally efficient.

Keywords

Compensated System, DFT, Fault Detection, FFT, Fault Location, PSCAD, Sequence Components

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Praveen S. Nayak ¹, Shweta Nayak ¹, Ranjan Shety ¹, P. Das ¹

Affiliations
1 GRY Institute of Pharmacy, Borawan, Khargone, IN

Abstract

Medicinal herbs are the local heritage with global importance. Medicinal herbs have curative properties due to presence of various complex chemical substance of different composition, which are found as secondary plant metabolites in one or more parts of these plants. Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. Is a plat belonging to family Lamiaceae, or the Mint family. It is a family of plants of about 210 genera and some 3,500 species. The original family name is Labiatae, so given because the flowers typically have petals fused into an upper lip and a lower lip. Although this is still considered an acceptable alternate name, most botanists now use the name "Lamiaceae" in referring to this family. They are herbs or undershrubs, distributed over both hemispheres and include a number of medicinal and sub-medicinal plants of great value. This important order has no poisonous members. They mostly exhibit aromatic or bitter-aromatic, stimulant and astringent properties. They are used as tonics, emmenagogues, diaphoretics, antispasmodics, burns and wounds, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antispasmodic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, headaches, anticatarrhal, anticutaneous. A wide range of chemical compounds including terpenoids, alkaloids, acidic polysaccharide and 33 constituents were identified in the oil of hyptis suaveolens isolated from its leaves. Extracts and metabolites from this plant have been found to possess pharmacological and insecticidal activities. This contribution provides a comprehensive review of its ethnomedical uses, chemical constituents and the pharmacological profile as a medicinal plant. Particular attention has been given to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and wound healing properties, insecticidal effects presented in this review such that the potential use of this plant either in pharmaceutics or as an agricultural resource can be evaluated.

Keywords

Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit, Essential Oil, Terpenoids, Ethnomedical.

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B. C. Deka ¹, C. K. Deka ¹, P. Das ¹, J. Goswami ², H. C. Bhattacharryya ²

Affiliations
1 Krishi Vigyan Kendra (A.A.U.), Dhubri (Assam), IN
2 Directorate of Extension Education, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat (Assam), IN

Abstract

The study was conducted in villages of Dhubri district in Assam under National Innovation on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) project implemented by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Dhubri during 2013 to 2015. The villages are situated under Bilasipara sub-division in the district ‘Dhubri’ of Assam, India on 26° 15. 425´ to 26° 16.570´ N latitude and 90° 14.034´ to 90° 18.040´ E longitude at an elevation of 128 ft from mean sea level. Recurrent floods has been the principal constraints in food production in these villages affecting mainly winter (Kharif) rice during the growing season as well as summer rice (Boro and Ahu) at the time of maturity. The prevailing weather patterns of the area were observed to have a strong bearing on the occurrence, intensity and magnitude of floods. About 71 per cent of total rainfall occurs during monsoon period (June to September), the winter being virtually dry leaving little scope for growing any Rabi crop. To ensure rice production to climatic variability leading to flood, site specific climate resilient technologies such as staggered planting rice variety ‘Gitesh’, flood escaping, short duration HYV rice ‘Luit’ for post and pre-flood situation, submergence tolerant rice variety ‘Swarna Sub 1’ and mid duration HYV of rice ‘Joymati’ during preflood situation were tested and demonstrated in the project villages. It was necessary to observe the performance of these varieties to the climatic vulnerability as well as farmer’s acceptability. The average yield of the rice variety ‘Gitesh’ (45 days aged seedlings), ‘Luit’ (post flood situation), ‘Luit’ (pre-flood situation), ‘Swarna Sub 1’ and ‘Jomati’ were found to be 40 to 42, 26.3 to 36, 23.35 to 31.39, 33 to 45 and 42.37 to 50.76 q per hectare, respectively. As a result of the study and demonstration to endure recurrent flood and climatic variability, the newly introduced winter rice varieties, Gitesh has spread over the highest area in the project villages (90.00%) followed by ‘Swarna Sub 1’ (75.00 %) and ‘Luit’ (66.67 %) due to flexibility in seedling age facilitating delayed transplanting, submergence tolerance upto 14 days and allowance for transplanting after recession of flood, respectively.

Keywords

Flood, Rice, Climate, Resilient.

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